Real identifing of ants(determination) is compared on ,,determination points", which are points on ant body, useful for real identification of ant species..... You wrote up nice list for determination biology of the ant...
Biology points are habitat of colony, her nest profile and size, nesto position, humidity, trees and outworld of nest; things about that; trophobiotic animals; their food and ,,hunting" culture....
Determination points are parts of body, which are characteristic/specific for existesnt specie, which is determinated.... In a lot of cases, for example at Lemnothorax and Muchothorax ants, it´s petiolus with postpetiolus and propodeum with specific spines and other formes.... For determination is also used clypheus, place above mandibuls and maxills(-here are flavour and pheromone receptor/ other pheromone receptors are on antenae).
Here is also difference between Tapinoma erraticum and T. ambiguum- T. erraticum don´t have two small ,,hilly" formes on clypheus, which T. ambiguum have.... This is just one difference between this two species! They have just small differences bewteen their life biology, but anatomy determination is more essential...
Also Formica rufibarbis and F. lusatica... Pigment- first segment of F. lusatica is lighter than at F. rufibarbis, isn´t head pointing.. There are other species which have pigmentation similiar to these two species, but their anatomy points are hardly conspicuous....
Difference between F. lusatica and F. rufibarbis is, that F. lusatica have three specific hairs on her part of a leg- on pro-tarsus... Their life biology and habitats are also similiar....
Identification of ants here on the forum isn´t very accurate

By photos it isn´t very accurate, you need very macro photo... For determination are used ,,Determinating keys", and on ants are these keys in PDF on the internet.... Literature for determination is also popular, but like age goes, PDF formats are more useful. For very good determination you need determinating key, preparation of an ant and biocular microscop.... By photos, like I said, it isn´t accurate.. When you want learn how to determinate ant, first thing which you´ve to do(and also good for ant keeping) is to learn ant anatomy very good.
I put here several link of good anatomy pictures:
Hyperlinks sind nur für registrierte Nutzer sichtbar For Formicinae(just one part of ,,node"- petiolus)
Hyperlinks sind nur für registrierte Nutzer sichtbar Easy anatomy
Hyperlinks sind nur für registrierte Nutzer sichtbar Nice Formicinae and Myrmicinae comparation
Hyperlinks sind nur für registrierte Nutzer sichtbar Few things aren´t used now, like a words, but it is very good to learn.....
Hyperlinks sind nur für registrierte Nutzer sichtbarHyperlinks sind nur für registrierte Nutzer sichtbarSorry from my english
